The double-loop spirals are produced "open" to be inserted in pre-punched holes of the suitable dimensions. Once inserted in the proper holes they are simply crimped closed with a wire closer. The 3 to1 (3:1) pitch is used for books up to about 1/2" thick and 2 to 1 (2:1) wire can be used for books up to about 1-1/8"; However 2 to1 (2:1) can be also manufactured from 1/4" to 9/16" on demand.