Supply 90 ° 30° 45° 180° Carbon Steel pipe fitting elbow

The function of a elbow is to change direction or flow in a piping system. By default, there are 5 opportunities, the 45°, 90° and 180° elbows, all three in the "long radius" version, and in addition the 90° and 180° elbows both in the "short radius" version.

Elbows are split into two groups which define the distance over which they change direction; the center line of one end to the opposite face. This is known as the "center to face" distance and is equivalent to the radius through which the elbow is bent.
The center to face distance for a "long" radius elbow, abbreviated LR always is "1½ x Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) (1½D)", while the center to face distance for a "short" radius elbow, abbreviated SR even is to nominal pipe size.

Here below, for example, you will find the center to face distance of four 2 inch elbows, (the "A" distance on the image).

The function of a 45° elbow is the same as a 90° elbow, but the measurement of dimensions is different to that of the 90° elbow.

The radius of a 45° elbow is the same as the radius of the 90° LR (1½D). However, the center to face dimension is not equivalent to the radius as in 90° LR elbows. This is measured from each face to the point of intersection of the center lines perpendicular to each other, distances B on the image. This is due to the smaller degree of bend. Short radius 45° elbows are not available.

The most applied version is the 90° long radius and the 45° elbow, while the 90° short radius elbow is applied if there is too little space. The function of a 180° elbow is to change direction of flow through 180°. Both, the LR and the SR types have a center to center dimension double the matching 90° elbows. These fittings will generally be used in furnesses or other heating or cooling units.
Dimensions, dimensional tolerances and more images, can be found in the main Menu "Fittings".

In addition to the defined elbows, there is the Reducing Elbow, which is a elbow with various diameters on the ends. Because this elbow, for many suppliers it is not a standard item, and thus probably a high price with a long delivery time, the use of a "normal" elbow with a separate reducer is an option if the situation allows.

Other degrees elbows can be machined from a standard elbow. Longer radius type, the center to face dimension e.g. is three times the nominal size (3D), even is available.

Dimensions, dimensional tolerances etc. for long and short radius elbows are defined in ASME B16.9.

The weakest point on an elbow is the inside radius. ASME B16.9 only standardizes the center to face dimensions and some "squareness" dimensional tolerances. The wall thickness at the weld line location even is standardized, but not through the rest of an elbow. The standard states that the minimum tolerance will be within 12.5% of the minimum ordered wall thickness of the pipe. A maximum tolerance is specified only at the ends of the fitting.

Many providers of buttweld elbows (and tees) provide one schedule greater thickness so that sufficient wall thickness, after forming, remains.

NPS	O.D. D	90 degrees Long Radius Center-to-End A	45 degrees Long Radius Center-to-End B	90 degrees 3D Center-to-End A	45 degrees 3D Center-to-End B
1/2	21.3	38	16	-	-
3/4	26.7	38	19	57	24
1	33.4	38	22	76	31
1¼	42.2	48	25	95	39
1½	48.3	57	29	114	47
2	60.3	76	35	152	63
2½	73	95	44	190	79
3	88.9	114	51	229	95
3½	101.6	133	57	267	111
NPS	O.D. D	90 degrees Long Radius Center-to-End A	45 degrees Long Radius Center-to-End B	90 degrees 3D Center-to-End A	45 degrees 3D Center-to-End B
NPS	O.D. D	90 degrees Long Radius Center-to-End A	45 degrees Long Radius Center-to-End B	90 degrees 3D Center-to-End A	45 degrees 3D Center-to-End B
4	114.3	152	64	305	127
5	141.3	190	79	381	157
6	168.3	229	95	457	189
8	219.1	305	127	610	252
10	273	381	159	762	316
12	323.8	457	190	914	378
14	355.6	533	222	1067	441
16	406.4	610	254	1219	505
18	457	686	286	1372	568
20	508	762	318	1524	632
22	559	838	343	1676	694
24	610	914	381	1829	757
26	660	991	406	1981	821
28	711	1067	438	2134	883
30	762	1143	470	2286	964
32	813	1219	502	2438	1010
34	864	1295	533	2591	1073
36	914	1372	565	2743	1135
38	965	1448	600	2896	1200
40	1016	1524	632	3048	1264
42	1067	1600	660	3200	1326
44	1118	1676	695	3353	1389
46	1168	1753	727	3505	1453
48	1219	1829	759	3658	1516
NPS	O.D. D	90 degrees Long Radius Center-to-End A	45 degrees Long Radius Center-to-End B	90 degrees 3D Center-to-End A	45 degrees 3D Center-to-End B

Nominal Pipe Size	1/2 to 2½	3 to 3½	4	5 to 8	10 to 18	20 to 24	26 to 30	32 to 48
Outside Diameter at Bevel (D)	+ 1.6 - 0.8	1.6	1.6	+ 2.4 - 1.6	+ 4 - 3.2	+ 6.4 - 4.8	+ 6.4 - 4.8	+ 6.4 - 4.8
Inside Diameter at End	0.8	1.6	1.6	1.6	3.2	4.8	+ 6.4 - 4.8	+ 6.4 - 4.8
Center-to-End LR (A/B)	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	5
Center-to-End 3D (A/B)	3	3	3	3	3	3	6	6
Wall Thickness (t)	Not less than 87.5% of Nominal Wall Thickness

(LR &SR) 45D, 90D,180D
Size: From 1/2" to 80"
Wall Thickness: SCH10 to SCH160, XXS(3-60mm)

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